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Data Mining in Biomedicine Using Ontologies

Presently, a growing number of ontologies are being built and used for annotating data in biomedical research. Thanks to the tremendous amount of data being generated, ontologies are now being used in numerous ways, including connecting different databases, refining search capabilities, interpreting experimental/clinical data, and inferring knowledge. This cutting-edge resource introduces you to latest developments in bio-ontologies. The book provides you with the theoretical foundations and examples of ontologies, as well as applications of ontologies in biomedicine, from molecular levels to clinical levels. You also find details on technological infrastructure for bio-ontologies. This comprehensive, one-stop volume presents a wide range of practical bio-ontology information, offering you detailed guidance in the clustering of biological data, protein classification, gene and pathway prediction, and text mining. More than 160 illustrations support key topics throughout the book.

1.3.2 Components for Humans, Components for Computers The form of the
ontology exists primarily so that the components can be computationally
identified and processed. Ontologies, however, need to have some sort of
meaning [23].

The American Challenge

The World Resists US Liberalism

The rise of the US as a hegemonic power during the twentieth century first pursuing a liberal project of globalization under Clinton and then moving towards greater unilateralism after the election of George W. Bush, is comprehensively described in this much-needed study. Following the invasion of Iraq, the Bush administration became increasingly unpopular at home and abroad. America's power to impose its will declined and rivals were able to take advantage of its weakened state and pursue their own agendas with considerable success. This indispensable book looks at whether policy failure in Iraq and declining US soft and hard power mark the beginning of the end of US hegemony or whether the resilience of America's military and economic foundations will once again prove observers wrong.

2 Greg Sheridan, 'Islamabad key to deadly puzzle', The Australian, 1 2 Aug 2006.
staged a coup. His government then supported Kashmiri and other Contested
Zones The Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Pashtun-istan.