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The Invaders

Humans domesticated dogs soon after Neanderthals began to disappear. This alliance between two predator species, Pat Shipman hypothesizes, made possible unprecedented success in hunting large Ice Age mammals—a distinct and ultimately decisive advantage for human invaders at a time when climate change made both humans and Neanderthals vulnerable.

The outcome of an invasion depends on myriad factors. First, of course, the
species' mode of dispersal is likely to determine whether it is represented in the
new habitat by small numbers of individuals on a onetime or infrequent basis or
whether groups of individuals are likely to arrive together. The larger the founding
group, the greater the chance that a viable population will become established in
a new region. Individuals of many species are capable of undertaking
considerable ...