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Frontiers in Computer Education

This book is the proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Frontiers in Computer Education (ICFCE 2011) in Sanya, China, December 1-2, 2011. The contributions can be useful for researchers, software engineers, and programmers, all interested in promoting the computer and education development. Topics covered are computing and communication technology, network management, wireless networks, telecommunication, Signal and Image Processing, Machine Learning, educational management, educational psychology, educational system, education engineering, education technology and training. The emphasis is on methods and calculi for computer science and education technology development, verification and verification tools support, experiences from doing developments, and the associated theoretical problems.

Crowd Parameter Extraction from Video at the Main Gates of Masjid al-Haram
Hasan S.M. Al-Khaffaf1, Fazilah Haron1,2, Siamak Sarmady1, Abdullah Zawawi
Talib1, and Ibtesam M. Abu-Sulyman3 1 School of Computer Sciences, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 Department of Computer
Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, P.O.
Box 30002, Madinah, Saudi Arabia 3 Mathematical Science Department, College
of ...

Computer Science and Convergence

CSA 2011 & WCC 2011 Proceedings

Computer Science and Convergence is proceedings of the 3rd FTRA International Conference on Computer Science and its Applications (CSA-11) and The 2011 FTRA World Convergence Conference (FTRA WCC 2011). The topics of CSA and WCC cover the current hot topics satisfying the world-wide ever-changing needs. CSA-11 will be the most comprehensive conference focused on the various aspects of advances in computer science and its applications and will provide an opportunity for academic and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and progress in the area of CSA. In addition, the conference will publish high quality papers which are closely related to the various theories and practical applications in CSA. Furthermore, we expect that the conference and its publications will be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this important subject. The main scope of CSA-11 is as follows: - Mobile and ubiquitous computing - Dependable, reliable and autonomic computing - Security and trust management - Multimedia systems and services - Networking and communications - Database and data mining - Game and software engineering - Grid, cloud and scalable computing - Embedded system and software - Artificial intelligence - Distributed and parallel algorithms - Web and internet computing - IT policy and business management WCC-11 is a major conference for scientists, engineers, and practitioners throughout the world to present the latest research, results, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of convergence technologies. The main scope of WCC-11 is as follows: - Cryptography and Security for Converged environments - Wireless sensor network for Converged environments - Multimedia for Converged environments - Advanced Vehicular Communications Technology for Converged environments - Human centric computing, P2P, Grid and Cloud computing for Converged environments - U-Healthcare for Converged environments - Strategic Security Management for Industrial Technology - Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Surveillance Systems

Workshop Organizers Sang-Soo Yeo, Mokwon University, Korea (Chair) Wen-
Chung Kao, NTNU, Taiwan (Co-Chair) Sang Oh Park, Chung-Ang University,
Korea Won Woo Ro, Yonsei University, Korea James J. (Jong Hyuk) Park, Seoul
National University of Science and Technology, Korea Young-Sik Jeong,
Wonkwang University, Korea Seung-Ho Lim, Hankuk University of Foreign
Studies, Korea Min Choi, Wonkwang University, Korea Seungmin Rho, Korea
University, Korea ...

Advances in Computer Science and its Applications

CSA 2013

These proceedings focus on various aspects of computer science and its applications, thus providing an opportunity for academic and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and progress in this and related areas. The book includes theory and applications alike.

CSA 2013 Hwa Young Jeong, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Neil Y. Yen, James J. (
Jong Hyuk) Park. Exploring the Key Determinants of Successful ICT Innovation
Adoption: A Case Study of a Fishing Community in Thailand Heng Wei Lee1,*,
Maziani Sabudin1, Rosnah Idrus1, Mohd Azam Osman1, Thongchai Kruahong2,
and Nattayanee Leanjay2 1School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Science and Technology,
Suratthani Rajabhat ...

Advances in Computer Science, Engineering & Applications

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (ICCSEA 2012), May 25-27, 2012, New Delhi, India

The International conference series on Computer Science, Engineering & Applications (ICCSEA) aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding computer science, engineering and applications and to establish new collaborations in these areas. The Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering & Applications (ICCSEA-2012), held in Delhi, India, during May 25-27, 2012 attracted many local and international delegates, presenting a balanced mixture of intellect and research both from the East and from the West. Upon a strenuous peer-review process the best submissions were selected leading to an exciting, rich and a high quality technical conference program, which featured high-impact presentations in the latest developments of various areas of computer science, engineering and applications research.

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Science,
Engineering and Applications (ICCSEA 2012), May 25-27, 2012, New Delhi,
India David C. Wyld, Jan Zizka, Dhinaharan Nagamalai. Mohsen Sharifi Moses
Ekpenyong Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim Murugan D. N. Kaliammal N. Krishnan
Nabendu Chaki Naohiro Ishii Nasrollah M. Charkari Natarajan Meghanathan
Nicolas Sklavos Nidaa Abdual Muhsin Abbas Olakanmi Oladayo P. Ashok Babu
Patrick Seeling ...

Advances in Computer Science, Engineering and Applications

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (ICCSEA 2012), May 25-27, 2012, New Delhi, India

The International conference series on Computer Science, Engineering & Applications (ICCSEA) aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding computer science, engineering and applications and to establish new collaborations in these areas. The Second International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering & Applications (ICCSEA-2012), held in Delhi, India, during May 25-27, 2012 attracted many local and international delegates, presenting a balanced mixture of intellect and research both from the East and from the West. Upon a strenuous peer-review process the best submissions were selected leading to an exciting, rich and a high quality technical conference program, which featured high-impact presentations in the latest developments of various areas of computer science, engineering and applications research.

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Science,
Engineering and Applications (ICCSEA 2012), May 25-27, 2012, New Delhi,
India David C. Wyld, Jan Zizka, Dhinaharan Nagamalai. Mohsen Sharifi Moses
Ekpenyong Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim Murugan D. N. Kaliammal N. Krishnan
Nabendu Chaki Naohiro Ishii Nasrollah M. Charkari Natarajan Meghanathan
Nicolas Sklavos Nidaa Abdual Muhsin Abbas Olakanmi Oladayo P. Ashok Babu
Patrick Seeling ...

Tropical Forest Ecology

The Basis for Conservation and Management

Importance of tropical forests. Functions of tropical forests. Economic. Forest products. Timber. Fuelwood. Non- timber forest products. Ecotourism. Environmental services. Reserve for biodiversity. Regulation of climate. Local effects. Global effects. Social. Subsistence for local populations. The need for an integrated approach to Forest conservation and management. Characteristics of tropical forests. Characteristics relevant to management and conservation. High diversity. Latitudinal gradients of species diversity. The latitude effect. Effects of elevation on species diversity. Effects of soil fertility on species diversity. Influence of stress on species diversity. Other factors influencing diversity. Theories to explain high diversity in the tropics. Benefits of high diversity. Defense against pests and diseases. Complementarity. Implications of high diversity for forest management. Reproductive ecology of tropical trees. Timing/frequency of flowering and seed production. Modes of reproduction of tropical trees. Species interactions in the tropics. Energy flow. Delineation of the tropics. Primary production. Production patterns within the tropics. Light environment of tropical forests. Availability of light. Responses of plants to light. Light distribution in the forest. Herbivory. Decomposition. Nutrient cycling. Cycling rates in the tropics. Leaching and weathering. Nutrient-conserving mechanisms. "Direct" nutrient cycling. Concentration of roots near the soil surface. Nutrient storage in wood biomass. Other nutrient-conserving mechanisms. Role of soil organic matter in nutrient conservation. Effects of disturbance on nutrient stocks in the soil. Implications for forestry. Conclusion. Classification of tropical forests. Classification based on forest structure. Classification based on forest function. Climatic classifications. Functional variation along climatic gradients. Classification based on species. Classification at the community level. Classification based on "temperament" of species. Classification based on successional stage. Forest classification based upon soil nutrient status. Implications for management. The unesco classification system. Conclusion. Deforestation in the tropics. Rates of deforestation. Causes of deforestation. Proximate causes of deforestation. Expansion of agriculture. Wood extraction. Development of infrastructure. Underlying causes of deforestation. Economic. Political and institutional factors. Technological. Cultural. Demographic. External debt and deforestation. Effects of deforestation. Environmental effects of deforestation. Social and economic effects of deforestation. Effects on indigenous peoples. Effects on traditional rural peoples. Effects on recently arrived rural peoples. Benefits and costs of deforestation at the international and national levels. International. National. Conclusion. Management of tropical forests. Introduction. Natural forest management. Sustainable forest management. Systems used in management of natural forests in tropical regions. Natural regeneration systems. Partial clearing systems. Reduced impact logging (ril). Ecological and economic feasibility of methods of management of natural tropical forests. Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management. Certification of forest management. Obstacles to sustainable forest management. Management of secondary forests. Techniques for management of secondary forests. Management for non-timber forest products (ntfps). Is forest management compatible with conservation of biodiversity?. Effects of forest management on wildlife. Reserves. Setting priorities. Conclusion. Plantations and agroforestry systems. Introduction. Plantation forestry: alternative to supplying the world's timber demand?. Plantation productivity. Sustainability of forest plantations. Plantations of native tree species. Mixed species plantations. Plantations and the conservation of biodiversity. Plantations in the landscape. Plantations as a tool for economic development. Agroforestry. Most frequently used agroforestry systems. Functions of agroforestry systems. Restoration of degraded tropical forest ecosystems. Recovery of degraded forests. Enrichment planting of degraded and secondary forests. Rehabilitation of degraded pasture and cropland. Recovery of the soil's productive capacity. Restoration of areas invaded by aggressive vegetation. Recovery of biodiversity in degraded lands. Conclusion. Approaches for implementing ustainable management techniques. Introduction. Top-down development. Top-down conservation planning. Bottom- up development. Participatory action. A case study of participatory action research and development case i: uruani: where par failed. Case ii: porto de moz: where par succeeded. Community forestry. Globalization. Globalization and forest resources. Case study of globalization. Locally centered development and integrated natural resource management (inrm). Importance of scale in efficiency of production. Conclusion. Conclusions. Introduction. Tropical forest classification. Tropical deforestation. Management of tropical forests. Plantations and agroforestry systems. Political and economic development strategies for sustainable forest development. References. Subject index.

Recovery of a tropical forest with maximum carbon content can take hundreds of
years (Montagnini and Nair 2004). Some tropical countries have recently started
programs of incentives to encourage tree plantation development to help offset C
emissions. Since 1966, Costa Rica has contributed payments for environmental
services (ES) such as promoting forest conservation, sustainable forest
management, and tree plantations through the assignment of differential
incentives for each ...

Plantation Technology in Tropical Forest Science

This book is intended to be a record of the Biotechnology-Assisted Re/Afforestation Project in the Asia-Pacific Region (BIO-REFOR) since 1992, conducted in coop eration with the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (lUFRO). The purpose of the project is to promote exchanges of information of fundamental research on indigenous species in the Asia-Pacific Region in order to restore natural forests. The production, cultivation, and maintenance of forest tree species provide highly sustainable production systems that conserve soils, the microenvironment, and biodiversity The key technology for biomass production of forests is propagation via micropropagation or traditional propagation. However, there are many recalci trant species among useful forest trees to be propagated in large numbers. Recent advances in mycorrhizal technology and in vitro culture have made it possible to commercially propagate useful trees for re/afforestation. In this book, comprehensive information is provided on propagation, mycor rhizal inoculation, and reforestation of economically and environmentally impor tant forest trees, information that usually is available only in widely scattered re sources. Here, we include a wide area of the ecology and physiology of dipterocarps as a general overview, and then cover propagation techniques, mycorrhizal symbio sis, man-made forests, and biodiversity in the Asia-Pacific region.

26 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Forests:
Socioeconomic Problems with Farm- Forestry of Rainforest Timber Production in
North Queensland N. Stork1, S. Harrison12, J. Herbohn3, and R. Keenan4 26.1
Introduction Although it is now six years since the signing of the Convention on
Biological Diversity and Agreement on Forest Principles, there seem to have
been few improvements in the sustainable management of biodiversity in forests.
In reality, most ...

Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems

Characteristics, Ecology and Management

An understanding of the characteristics and the ecology of soils, particularly those of forest ecosystems in the humid tropics, is central to the development of sustainable forest management systems. The present book examines the contribution that forest soil science and forest ecology can make to sustainable land use in the humid tropics. Four main issues are addressed: characteristics and classification of forest soils, chemical and hydrological changes after forest utilization, soil fertility management in forest plantations and agroforestry systems as well as ecosystem studies from the dipterocarp forest region of Southeast Asia. Additionally, case studies include work from Guyana, Costa Rica, the Philippines, Malaysia, Australia and Nigeria.

Logging can cause a serious lack of calcium in tropical rainforest ecosystems: An
example from Sabah, Malaysia Professor emeritus Nils Nykvist1,2 (1)
Department of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S901
83, Umeå, Sweden (2) Skogsstigen 1, S14462, Rönninge, Sweden Professor
emeritus Nils Nykvist Phone: +468 53 25 26 31 Abstract Chemical analysis of
total calcium in soil samples from Mendolong research area revealed that they
had a very low ...

Tropical Forests and Climate

Tropical forests affect climate, and the removal of the forests will change climate. Or not? This book discusses basic questions on how far, if at all, tropical deforestation leads to climatic change. The question of this uncertainty is particularly addressed. One important consequence of the uncertainties of whether deforestation affects climate is how scientific findings best illuminate the policy-making process.

... changesoftemperatureand especially rainfall.The climatic changes had
aprofound effectonthe vegetation, especiallyinthe mountains, but datafrom the
tropical lowlands are now increasing and show that the effecton lowland
vegetation may also have been considerable. Very recent data fromEastern
Brasil (Carajas,see postscriptum) indicatethatthe rainfallin that areawas lowered
atleast 500 mm during several dry phasesof the Late Pleistocene, savanna
vegetation replacing forest.

Managing the Future of Southeast Asia's Valuable Tropical Rainforests

A Practitioner's Guide to Forest Genetics

This book provides current knowledge about tropical rain forest genetics and its implications for the profitable and sustainable management of forest resources in Southeast Asia. Each chapter covers a major topic in the evolutionary biology of tropical rain forest trees and how management systems interact with these natural dynamics. Authors provide an up-to-date and insightful review of important scientific findings and conclude with practical recommendations for the modern forester in Southeast Asia. Several chapters provide compelling discussions about commonly neglected aspects of tropical forestry, including the impact of historical dynamics of climate change, anthropogenic threats to genetic viability, and the important role of wildlife in maintaining genetic diversity. These discussions will promote a deeper appreciation of not only the economic value of forests, but also their mystery and intangible values. The silvicultural industry in Southeast Asia is a major contributor to the regional economy but the connection between scientific research and the application and development of policy could be improved upon. This book will help bridge that gap. This book will prove beneficial reading for forestry students, professional forest managers, and policy makers, who do not have technical training in genetics. It is also intended for non-specialists who are involved in the tropical timber industry, from the local forest manager to the international timber purchasing agent.

Southeast Asian forests are largely known for their unique and highly diverse
biological resources, valuable timber and non-timber species and natural
products of medicinal value yet to be exploited. Sustainable management of
these forests has become an international agenda since the signing of the
Convention on Biological Diversity in Rio de Janeiro 1992, requiring actions at
the regional and national levels. International and national funding for research
on biodiversity and ...