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Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change

Ecological and Socio-economic Valuations

not only for land use systems that depend on the regular supply of rain or irrigation water but also for the future development of natural rainforests as drought stress has been shown to a?ect tree growth and species composition in old-growth forests (Wright 1991, Walsh and Newbery 1999, Engelbrecht et al. 2007). A drought experiment conducted in a cacao agroforestry plantation showed that this plantation was surprisingly resilient to an induced drought of more than a year (Schwendenmann et al. 2009). However, droughts can have a strong impact on household incomes from agriculture, they strongly a?ect the vulnerability to poverty and thus have to be analyzed as important exogenous shocks to households, forcing them to adjust their behaviour and develop strategies to cope with these problems. The stability of rainforest margins is a critical factor in the protection of tropical rainforests (Tscharntke et al. 2007). At present, however, rainf- est margins in many parts of the tropics are far from stable, both in soc- economic and in ecological terms. For example, protected areas may attract, rather than repel, human settlement, which may be due to international donor investment in national conservation programs (Wittemeyer et al. 2008). An alternative hypothesis is that protected areas might be compromised if leakage takes place, that is, if impacts that would take place inside the restricted area are displaced to a nearby, undisturbed area (Ewers and Rodrigues 2008).

Globally, tropical rainforest species are under increasing threat due to ongoing
deforestation. We summarize published studies on effects of forest disturbance
and conversion on tropical butterfly assemblages with a focus on forest species.
Additionally, we use existing faunal monographs to extract information on the
habitat affiliations of tropical forest butterflies. Based on these data, we quantify
the importance of human-modified habitats for the conservation of tropical
butterflies ...

Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins

Linking Ecological, Economic and Social Constraints of Land Use and Conservation

Tropical rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate, causing unprecedented losses in biodiversity and ecosystem services. This book contributes to an improved understanding of the processes that have destabilizing effects on ecological and socio-economic systems of tropical rain forest margins, as well as striving to integrate environmental, technological and socio-economic issues in their solution.

Forest structure as influenced by different types of community forestry in a lower
montane rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Johannes Dietz1,2∗, Dirk H
̈olscher1, Christoph Leuschner2, Adam Malik3, and M. Amran Amir3 1 Tropical
Silviculture, Institute of Silviculture, University of G ̈ottingen, B ̈usgenweg 1,
37077 G öttingen, Germany 2 Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for
Plant Sciences, University of G ̈ottingen, Untere Karsp ̈ule 2, 37073 G
̈ottingen, ...