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Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

A Perspective from the Research and Operations Communities, Interim Report

Launched jointly in 1997 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a satellite mission that placed a unique suite of instruments, including the first precipitation radar, in space. These instruments are used to monitor and predict tropical cyclone tracks and intensity, estimate rainfall, and monitor climate variability (precipitation and sea surface temperature). TRMM has been collecting data for seven years; this data is used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the National Center for Environmental Prediction, and the National Hurricane Center, among others worldwide. In July 2004, NASA announced that it would terminate TRMM in August 2004. At the request of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the White House, and the science community, NASA agreed to continue TRMM operations through the end of 2004. Meanwhile, NASA asked a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide advice on the benefits of keeping TRMM in operation beyond 2004. After holding a workshop with a number of experts in the field, the committee found that TRMM will contribute significantly to operations and science if the mission is extended; and therefore, strongly recommends continued operation of TRMM with the caveat that cost and risk will need to be further examined before a final decision about the future of TRMM can be made.

A Perspective from the Research and Operations Communities: Interim Report
National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on
Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on the Future of the Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission ...

Scientific Assessment of NASA's SMEX-MIDEX Space Physics Mission Selections

This research includes particles trapped in Earth's magnetosphere and those that
enter the magnetosphere from interplanetary space over the magnetic poles. One
specific SAMPEX science goal addresses the composition and charge state of ...

Review of Scientific Aspects of the NASA Triana Mission

Letter Report

Letter Report Space Studies Board, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Engineering and
Physical Sciences, Division on Earth and Life Studies. TABLE 2 NASA's
Objectives for ...

An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

To ensure the safety of food distributed through the National School Lunch Program, food banks, and other federal food and nutrition programs, the United States Department of Agriculture has established food safety and quality requirements for the ground beef it purchases. This National Research Council book reviews the scientific basis of the Department's ground beef safety standards, evaluates how the standards compare to those used by large retail and commercial food service purchasers of ground beef, and looks at ways to establish periodic evaluations of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program. The book finds that although the safety requirements could be strengthened using scientific concepts, the prevention of future outbreaks of foodborne disease will depend on eliminating contamination during production and ensuring meat is properly cooked before it is served.

The book finds that although the safety requirements could be strengthened using scientific concepts, the prevention of future outbreaks of foodborne disease will depend on eliminating contamination during production and ensuring meat is ...

Letter Report on the Review of the Food Safety and Inspection Service Proposed Risk-Based Approach to and Application of Public-Health Attribution

(2004) to calculate Salmonella attribution estimates. In addition, the committee
heard from stakeholders regarding their concerns with the proposed FSIS risk-
based approach. This letter report first provides background information on the
FSIS ...

Applications of Social Network Analysis for Building Community Disaster Resilience

Workshop Summary

Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the identification of the relationships and attributes of members, key actors, and groups that social networks comprise. The National Research Council, at the request of the Department of Homeland Security, held a two-day workshop on the use of SNA for the purpose of building community disaster resilience. The workshop, summarized in this volume, was designed to provide guidance to the DHS on a potential research agenda that would increase the effectiveness of SNA for improving community disaster resilience. The workshop explored the state of the art in SNA and its applications in the identification, construction, and strengthening of networks within U.S. communities. Workshop participants discussed current work in SNA focused on characterizing networks; the theories, principles and research applicable to the design or strengthening of networks; the gaps in knowledge that prevent the application of SNA to the construction of networks; and research areas that could fill those gaps. Elements of a research agenda to support the design, development, and implementation of social networks for the specific purpose of strengthening community resilience against natural and human-made disasters were discussed.

Analysis. for. Improved. Disaster. Preparedness. and. Intervention. Planning.
Chapter 2 summarized presentations and discussions of the first session of the
workshop regarding case studies and real-world examples of social network
analysis ...

Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site

The primary purpose of systems engineering is to organize information and knowledge to assist those who manage, direct, and control the planning, development, production, and operation of the systems necessary to accomplish a given mission. However, this purpose can be compromised or defeated if information production and organization becomes an end unto itself. Systems engineering was developed to help resolve the engineering problems that are encountered when attempting to develop and implement large and complex engineering projects. It depends upon integrated program planning and development, disciplined and consistent allocation and control of design and development requirements and functions, and systems analysis. The key thesis of this report is that proper application of systems analysis and systems engineering will improve the management of tank wastes at the Hanford Site significantly, thereby leading to reduced life cycle costs for remediation and more effective risk reduction. The committee recognizes that evidence for cost savings from application of systems engineering has not been demonstrated yet.

It depends upon integrated program planning and development, disciplined and
consistent allocation and control of design and development requirements and
functions, and systems analysis. The key thesis of this report is that proper ...