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The Oxford Companion to the Economics of China

China's rise as an economic powerhouse raises a number of questions that are the subject of lively debate. How did the country do it? How applicable are the lessons of China's economic reform of the past thirty years to the challenges it faces in the next three decades? What does the detailed pattern of China's success and challenges look like the sub-sectoral and sub-national levels, and what does this mean for future policy? How will China's role as a global economic player evolve? This Oxford Companion to the Economics of China presents an original collection of perspectives on the Chinese economy's past, present and future. The contributors of these entries include: the best of young Chinese researchers based in China and outside; renowned academics from the top universities in China, Europe, and North America; present and past senior officials of international agencies like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund; senior Chinese government officials from the Centre and the Provinces; and four recipients of the Nobel Prize in Economics. The Companion consists of 99 entries written by the leading China analysts of our time. The topics covered include: The China Model, Future Prospects for China , China and the Global Economy, Trade and the Chinese Economy, Macroeconomics and Finance, Urbanisation, Industry and Markets, Agriculture and Rural Development, Land, Infrastructure and Environment, Population and Labour, Dimensions of Wellbeing and Inequality, Health and Education, Gender Equity, Regional Divergence in China, and China's Provinces: Selected Perspectives. The Editors are four global leaders in Chinese economic analysis and policy who between them have held or hold the following positions: Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute; Co-Editor, China Economic Review; President Chinese Economists Society; Assistant Director of Research at the IMF; Principal Adviser to the Chief Economist of the World Bank; and Professors of Economics at Ivy League Universities.

One exception is the forthcoming study on the linkages between output tariffs,
input tariffs, and processing trade in China by Miaojie Yu (forthcoming). Yu
merges Chinese census data with firmspecific measures of final goods and
imported ...

The Oxford Companion to the Economics of South Africa

In 1994 South Africa saw the end of apartheid. The new era of political freedom was seen as the foundation for economic prosperity and inclusion. The last two decades have seen mixed results. Economic growth has been volatile. While inequalities in public services have been reduced, income inequality has increased, and poverty has remained stagnant. As the twentieth anniversary of the transition to democracy approaches in 2014, the economic policy debates in South Africa are in full flow. They combine a stocktake of the various programs of the last two decades with a forward looking discussion of strategy in the face of an ever open but volatile global economy. Underlying the discourse are basic and often unresolved differences on an appropriate strategy for an economy like South Africa, with a strong natural resource base but with deeply entrenched inherited inequalities, especially across race. This volume contributes to the policy and analytical debate by pulling together perspectives on a range of issues: micro, macro, sectoral, country wide and global, from leading economists working on South Africa. Other than the requirement that it be analytical and not polemical, the contributors were given freedom to put forward their particular perspective on their topic. The economists invited are from within South Africa and from outside; from academia and the policy world; from international and national level economic policy agencies. The contributors include recognized world leaders in South African economic analysis, as well as the very best of the younger crop of economists who are working on the study of South Africa, the next generation of leaders in thought and policy.

What is critical to understand from both developmental and investment
perspectives, is that inputs into child development are not additive as much as
they are multiplicative. That is, one input often leads to better returns accruing to
another ...