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Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

A Perspective from the Research and Operations Communities, Interim Report

Launched jointly in 1997 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a satellite mission that placed a unique suite of instruments, including the first precipitation radar, in space. These instruments are used to monitor and predict tropical cyclone tracks and intensity, estimate rainfall, and monitor climate variability (precipitation and sea surface temperature). TRMM has been collecting data for seven years; this data is used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the National Center for Environmental Prediction, and the National Hurricane Center, among others worldwide. In July 2004, NASA announced that it would terminate TRMM in August 2004. At the request of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the White House, and the science community, NASA agreed to continue TRMM operations through the end of 2004. Meanwhile, NASA asked a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide advice on the benefits of keeping TRMM in operation beyond 2004. After holding a workshop with a number of experts in the field, the committee found that TRMM will contribute significantly to operations and science if the mission is extended; and therefore, strongly recommends continued operation of TRMM with the caveat that cost and risk will need to be further examined before a final decision about the future of TRMM can be made.

A Perspective from the Research and Operations Communities: Interim Report
National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on
Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on the Future of the Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission ...

Workshop on Ethanol as an Alternative Source of Fuels, Jakarta, Indonesia, January 14-21, 1981

APPENDIX B Organization of the Workshop Organization of the workshop in
Indonesia was the responsibility of a committee headed by Wardiman
Djojonegoro, director of the ethanol pilot plant project. Other members of the
committee were Koeswandi Wasito, Surya Harto, Ina Miryanti, and Ibrahim. In the
United States, the coordinator for workshop activities was John Hurley of the
Board on Science and Technology for International Development of the National
Research Council, ...

Use of Underground Facilities to Protect Critical Infrastructures

Summary of a Workshop

Scientific Assessment of NASA's SMEX-MIDEX Space Physics Mission Selections

This research includes particles trapped in Earth's magnetosphere and those that
enter the magnetosphere from interplanetary space over the magnetic poles. One
specific SAMPEX science goal addresses the composition and charge state of ...

Applications of a Dedicated Gravitational Satellite Mission

Workshop on a Dedicated Gravitational Satellite Mission

The primary needs for improved gravity (or gravity-dependent data at 100-3000
km resolution are in two areas: (1) solid-earth geophysics, where variations in the
gravity field give information on the earth's physical properties and geodynamic ...

Review of Scientific Aspects of the NASA Triana Mission

Letter Report

Letter Report Space Studies Board, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Engineering and
Physical Sciences, Division on Earth and Life Studies. TABLE 2 NASA's
Objectives for ...

An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program

To ensure the safety of food distributed through the National School Lunch Program, food banks, and other federal food and nutrition programs, the United States Department of Agriculture has established food safety and quality requirements for the ground beef it purchases. This National Research Council book reviews the scientific basis of the Department's ground beef safety standards, evaluates how the standards compare to those used by large retail and commercial food service purchasers of ground beef, and looks at ways to establish periodic evaluations of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program. The book finds that although the safety requirements could be strengthened using scientific concepts, the prevention of future outbreaks of foodborne disease will depend on eliminating contamination during production and ensuring meat is properly cooked before it is served.

The book finds that although the safety requirements could be strengthened using scientific concepts, the prevention of future outbreaks of foodborne disease will depend on eliminating contamination during production and ensuring meat is ...

Enhancing Food Safety

The Role of the Food and Drug Administration

Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world.

The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages.