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An Interim Report on NASA's Technology Roadmap

For the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to achieve many of its space science and exploration goals over the next several decades, dramatic advances in space technology will be necessary. NASA has developed a set of 14 draft roadmaps to guide the development of such technologies under the leadership of the NASA Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT). Each roadmap focuses on a particular technology area. OCT requested that the National Research Council conduct a study to review the draft roadmaps, gather and assess relevant community input, and make recommendations and suggest priorities to inform NASA's decisions as it finalizes its roadmaps. The success of OCT's technology development program is essential, because technological breakthroughs have long been the foundation of NASA's successes, from its earliest days, to the Apollo program, to a vast array of space science missions and the International Space Station. An Interim Report of NASA's Technology Roadmap identifies some gaps in the technologies included in the individual roadmaps. The report suggests that the effectiveness of the NASA space technology program can be enhanced by employing proven management practices and principles including increasing program stability, addressing facility issues, and supporting adequate flight tests of new technologies. This interim report provides several additional observations that will be expanded on in the final report to be released in 2012.

In contrast, engineering development, which generally attempts to implement and
apply existing or available technology, is understood for the purposes of this
study to be hardware, software, design, test, verification, and validation of
systems ...

Survey Automation

Report and Workshop Proceedings

For over 100 years, the evolution of modern survey methodologyâ€"using the theory of representative sampling to make interferences from a part of the population to the wholeâ€"has been paralleled by a drive toward automation, harnessing technology and computerization to make parts of the survey process easier, faster, and better. The availability of portable computers in the late 1980s ushered in computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), in which interviewers administer a survey instrument to respondents using a computerized version of the questionnaire on a portable laptop computer. Computer assisted interviewing (CAI) methods have proven to be extremely useful and beneficial in survey administration. However, the practical problems encountered in documentation and testing CAI instruments suggest that this is an opportune time to reexamine not only the process of developing CAI instruments but also the future directions of survey automation writ large.

Harry Robinson leads software test productivity and model-based testing
initiatives as part of Microsoft's Six Sigma Team. ... Art. Susan Schechter is senior
statistician in the Statistical Policy Office of the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget.

Assessment of Options for Extending the Life of the Hubble Space Telescope:

Final Report

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has operated continuously since 1990. During that time, four space shuttle-based service missions were launched, three of which added major observational capabilities. A fifth - SM-4 - was intended to replace key telescope systems and install two new instruments. The loss of the space shuttle Columbia, however, resulted in a decision by NASA not to pursue the SM-4 mission leading to a likely end of Hubble's useful life in 2007-2008. This situation resulted in an unprecedented outcry from scientists and the public. As a result, NASA began to explore and develop a robotic servicing mission; and Congress directed NASA to request a study from the National Research Council (NRC) of the robotic and shuttle servicing options for extending the life of Hubble. This report presents an assessment of those two options. It provides an examination of the contributions made by Hubble and those likely as the result of a servicing mission, and a comparative analysis of the potential risk of the two options for servicing Hubble. The study concludes that the Shuttle option would be the most effective one for prolonging Hubble's productive life.

Thus the proposed HST robotic servicing mission will require the development,
testing, and validation of new software and hardware, which would advance the
state of the art of robotics technology. 2MASS ACS ALMA AO ASCS C&DH CAD
 ...

Ninth Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems : proceedings : 8-11 April, 2002, Lund, Sweden

PhD thesis, Uninversity of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, August 1994. [4] R
Mandayam and R Vemuri. Performance de- sciption language. In SRC Techcom '
93, Atlanta, GA, September 1993. [5] G. Myers. The art of software testing.,
chapter 4.

Testing of Defense Systems in an Evolutionary Acquisition Environment

The Department of Defense (DoD) recently adopted evolutionary acquisition, a dynamic strategy for the development and acquisition of its defense systems. Evolutionary defense systems are planned, in advance, to be developed through several stages in a single procurement program. Each stage is planned to produce a viable system which could be fielded. The system requirements for each stage of development may be specified in advance of a given stage or may be decided at the outset of that stage's development. Due to the different stages that comprise an evolutionary system, there exists a need for careful reexamination of current testing and evaluation policies and processes, which were designed for single-stage developments. The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (USD-AT&L) and the Director of Operational Testing and Evaluation (DOT&E) asked the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Academies to examine the key issues and implications for defense testing from the introduction of evolutionary acquisition. The CNSTAT was charged with planning and conducting a workshop to study test strategies for the evolutionary acquisition. The committee reviewed defense materials defining evolutionary acquisition and interviewed test officials from the three major test service agencies to understand the current approaches used in testing systems procured through evolutionary acquisition. The committee also examined possible alternatives to identify problems in implementation. At the workshop that took place on December 13-14, 2004, the committee tried to answer many questions including: What are the appropriate roles and objectives for testing in an evolutionary environment?, Can a systematic, disciplined process be developed for testing and evaluation in such a fluid and flexible environment?, and Is there adequate technical expertise within the acquisition community to fully exploit data gathered from previous stages to effectively combine information from various sources for test design and analysis?. Testing of Defense Systems in an Evolutionary Acquisition Environment provides the conclusions and recommendations of the CNSTAT following the workshop and its other investigations.

Oversight Committee for the Workshop on Testing for Dynamic Acquisition of
Defense Systems, Committee on ... As Art Koehler described in a presentation at
the workshop, a particular application of modeling and simulation that is ...
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IN AN EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT Software
development is one area in which evolutionary acquisition is expected to play a
major role.

Testing of Body Armor Materials:

Phase III

In 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released the report Warfighter Support: Independent Expert Assessment of Army Body Armor Test Results and Procedures Needed Before Fielding, which commented on the conduct of the test procedures governing acceptance of body armor vest-plate inserts worn by military service members. This GAO report, as well as other observations, led the Department of Defense Director, Operational Test & Evaluation, to request that the National Research Council (NRC) Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences conduct a three-phase study to investigate issues related to the testing of body armor materials for use by the U.S. Army and other military departments. Phase I and II resulted in two NRC letter reports: one in 2009 and one in 2010. This report is Phase III in the study. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III provides a roadmap to reduce the variability of clay processes and shows how to migrate from clay to future solutions, as well as considers the use of statistics to permit a more scientific determination of sample sizes to be used in body armor testing. This report also develops ideas for revising or replacing the Prather study methodology, as well as reviews comments on methodologies and technical approaches to military helmet testing. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III also considers the possibility of combining various national body armor testing standards.

This section describes the “art of measurement” in testing procedures as
observed by the committee. Human ... These include subjective differences in
human handling, process transparency, and the selection and settings of
software.

Global Environmental Forest Policies

An International Comparison

This book provides a uniquely detailed and systematic comparison of environmental forest policies and enforcement in twenty countries worldwide, covering developed, transition and developing economies. The goal is to enhance global policy learning and promote well-informed and precisely-tuned policy solutions.

... paper read at XII World Forestry Congress, Quebec City Coad, Lauren (2009)
Personal communication with Lauren Coad, former research staff at UNEP-
WCMC, 14 August Copestake, Martha (2003) 'Short rotation hybrid poplar
plantations ...

Java Modeling in Color with UML

Enterprise Components and Process

"Java Modeling in Color with UML: Enterprise Components and Process" is the first book to teach software design in color. Coad and his co-authors use four colors to represent four archetypes-little forms that appear again and again in effective component and object models. Given a color, you'll know the kind of attributes, links, methods, and interactions that particular class is likely to have. You develop little color building blocks that will help you build better models and get the recognition you deserve. Color and archetypes are only the beginning. Coad and his co-authors go further, plugging those archetypes into a 12-class, domain-neutral component. Every model Coad has built over the past decade follows the basic shape and responsibilities expressed in this one component. Coad and his co-authors go even further, taking the domain-neutral component and applying it in a wide variety of business areas. So you end up with specific examples for your business, examples you can relate to, readily understand, and benefit from. "Java Modeling in Color with UML: Enterprise Components and Process" delivers 61 components, 283 classes, 46 interfaces, 671 attributes, 1139 methods, and 65 interaction sequences. On top of all of this, Coad, Lefebvre, and De Luca present "Feature-Driven Development (FDD)," the process for getting the most out of your Java modeling and development, delivering frequent, tangible, working results on time and within budget. "This book brings a new dimension to the effective use of the UML, by showing you how to apply archetypes in color to enrich the content of your models.--Grady Booch, "Chief Scientist, Rational Software Corporation" "Iwent for a job interview. The interviewer asked me to model a payroll system and gave me an hour to work it out while he observed. So I built a model using pink moment-intervals, yellow roles, green things, and blue descriptions-classes, attributes, links, methods, interactions. After 25 minutes the interviewer stopped me, saying I had already gone well beyond what others struggle to do in a full hour! So my recommendation is: read this book! It's made a better modeler out of me and I'm sure it will do the same for you." --David Anderson, "Modeler and Designer, www.uidesign.net" The CD includes all of the component models and skeletal Java source code in the book, along with "Together/J Whiteboard Edition" for modeling in color. www.togetherj.com

"This book brings a new dimension to the effective use of the UML, by showing you how to apply archetypes in color to enrich the content of your models.

Database Security

This book provides an authoritative account of security issues in database systems, and shows how current commercial or future systems may be designed to ensure both integrity and confidentiality. It gives a full account of alternative security models and protection measures. This invaluable reference can be used as a text for advanced courses on DB security.

This book provides an account of security issues in computer systems and shows how current commercial or future systems may be designed to ensure both integrity and confidentiality.